What is evaporation?

Hint: To learn about evaporation, we need to take note of the water cycle mechanism, what is the need of it and the factors affecting it with its application. Then we will thoroughly study about evaporation, the concept behind it and its mechanism. And with the help of this information we will approach our answer.

Complete step by step answer:
> Evaporation is the phase transition process of water by which molecules change in vapor state.
For example: Water spontaneously becomes gaseous (water vapors). It is the type of vaporization that takes place on the surface of a liquid as it changes itself into a gaseous phase. The surrounding gas in the process must not be saturated with the substance being evaporated.
> When a molecule of liquid collides, it transfers the energy to each other. When a molecule near the surface absorbs adequate energy to overcome the vapor pressure converting it to vapor.
> In evaporation, vaporization takes place below the boiling point as it directly changes. It takes place only from the surface of the liquid which gets exposure. It takes place below boiling point so there is no bubble formation while evaporation.
> Evaporation is not necessarily the technique of separation or purifying technique.

Mechanism:
When liquid absorbs the radiation from the sun, in a solution the motion and activity between molecules increase and molecules present in the surface overcome the surface tension of the liquid and it evaporates because the surface molecules have less cohesive force than others.

NOTE - Evaporation is the process in which a liquid changes to a gas without becoming hot enough to boil (skipping the boiling phase). It takes place at the exposed surface of a liquid. Several factors affecting the evaporation are temperature, surface area, agitation, atmospheric aqueous vapor pressure,wind.
Application of Evaporation-
1- Manufacturing of bulk drugs, biological products, food products.
2- Used in de mineralized water.
3- Minimize the chances of chemical reactions.
4- Decrease the impact of microbial growth.