What does Article 342 (A) say?

Hint:The backward classes comprise a huge and varied category of people. They include about one-third of the total population of India. They are made up of the scheduled castes, the scheduled tribes and the other backward classes. The scheduled tribes and The scheduled castes are well-defined groups in the Indian Constitution.

Complete answer:
The Article 342 (A) states that the President with respect to any Union territory or state can, with discussion with the Governor, by notification of public, state the educationally and socially backward classes which will for the reason of this Constitution can be considered to be educationally and socially backward in relation to that Union territory or State.Parliament with law may exclude or include socially and educationally backward classes from the Central List to specify in a notification issued under a clause (1), but save as aforementioned a notification issued shall not be differed by any succeeding notification. Scheduled caste groups of people were known as avarna, or outside the varna system. They were thought to be a part of people from Hindu society who were not from four main varnas, i.e., Kshatriya, Brahmin, Vaishya, and Shudra. Those who belonged to any of these four major varnas were known as Savarna. The Scheduled caste and Scheduled Tribes in the Constitution of India are recognised as the groups designated in one or other categories. For years in British rule in India, they were called the Depressed Classes.

Note:The issues of this class of people are diverse and complex. The system of Reservation in India was implemented to strengthen the disadvantaged group of Indian society. Scheduled Tribes Scheduled Castes, economically Backwards Classes, Other Backward Classes, are given opportunity by reservations system in Government Jobs, Promotions, legislatures, and educational scholarships. The reservation of these groups in higher education institutions stands at 49.5%. Same ratio is followed even in Parliament. The percentage of reservation differs in every state. Maharashtra is known to have the uppermost percentage of reservation.