The continental elevation and glaciations occurred in ………….period
A. Miocene
B. Permian
C. Pliocene
D. Oligocene

Hint: It has been estimated that the age of our earth is near about 4500 million years, possibly even more. Life first appeared in water about 3700 million years ago. The duration of the earth’s history has been divided into five principal geological time spans called the eras. Of these, the three more recent eras are further divided into smaller spans called the periods. The time scale of the earth is divided into cenozoic, mesozoic, paleozoic, proterozoic, and archeozoic eras.

Complete answer:
The Paleozoic era is classified into Permian, Carboniferous, Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician period. The Permian period is between 299 to 251 million years ago. Large extinction of animal and plant groups occurred between the paleozoic and mesozoic periods which were recognized at the end of the Permian era. The Permian period included massive areas of land and water. The world at this period is dominated by the two continents called Pangea and Siberia, surrounded by an ocean called Panthalassa. The carboniferous forest collapsed leaving behind the regions of a vast desert.
During the Permian period, all the earth's major land masses were collected into a single supercontinent Pangaea. It included the equator and extended towards the pole. Large continental landmass interiors experience climate with extreme variations of heat and cold.
So, the correct answer is option B, i.e., Permian.

Note: Extinction of many marine invertebrates, such as trilobites; the rise of modern insects, beetles appear. The Permian period and the paleozoic period ended with the Permian –Triassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction of mass in the Earth’s geological history.