Who started the collectivization programme in Russia?
a.Stalin
b.Lenin
c.Kerensky
d.Trotsky

Hint: Collectivization was a policy that was formulated by the Soviet Union in Russia. It was the policy that involved forced consolidation of the various individual peasant households into collective farms. These collective farms were called ‘Kolkhozes’.

Complete answer step by step: In the early 1920s-1030s in Russia, there were acute shortages of grains supplied by the farmers and the modes of production were outdated, due to which Stalin introduced the collectivization in the farm’s programme. As a part of this programme, peasants were forced to cultivate together on collective farms that were called ‘Kolkhoz’. The peasants and farmers who resisted and refused to follow the orders to perform collectivization programmes were punished severely and many of them were even deported and exiled from the country. Independent cultivation was also allowed to be performed by the peasants but those farmers and peasants were treated unsympathetically by the government. This programme of collectivization in Russia did not increase the production of grains immediately.
Option A. Stalin, Joseph Stalin, who was a revolutionary and was a part of the Soviet Union in Russia. He was the one who introduced the process of Collective farming in Russia.
Option B. Lenin, Vladimir Lenin was a Russian Soviet Union leader and revolutionary. He was also the leader of the Bolshevik party and the founder and leader of the October Revolution there.
Option C. Kerensky, Alexander Kerensky was also a political leader in Russia. He served as the Secretary-General in the Grand Orient of Russia’s peoples.
Option D. Trotsky, Leon Trotsky was another political leader and revolutionary there. He was a communist and also a soviet revolutionary. He had played an important role in the Russian Revolution.
The correct answer to this question is option A - Stalin.

Note: Like the reform of Collectivization in Russia, way before at the start of the 1800s, the country had a period of industrialization. During this period, Russia experienced a drastic increase in the exports of natural resources.