Let a function $f:R\to R$ be a differentiable function satisfying $f'\left( 3 \right)+f'\left( 2 \right)=0$ . Then $\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,{{\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right)}^{\dfrac{1}{x}}}$ is equal to
Answer
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Hint: Use the formula $a={{e}^{{{\log }_{e}}a}}$ followed by the use of the property $\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\dfrac{{{\log }_{e}}\left( 1+x \right)}{x}=1$ . Then use the l-hospital’s rule to further simplify the resultant expression you get. Once you have eliminated all removable terms, put the limit and use the relation $f'\left( 3 \right)+f'\left( 2 \right)=0$ given in the question to reach the answer.
Complete step-by-step answer:
In the expression given in the question, if we put the limit and check, then we will find that the expression turns out to be of the form ${{1}^{\infty }}$, which is an indeterminate form.
So, using the formula $a={{e}^{{{\log }_{e}}a}}$ in our expression, we get
$\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,{{\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right)}^{\dfrac{1}{x}}}$
$={{e}^{\log {{\left( \underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right) \right)}^{\dfrac{1}{x}}}}}$
Now, we know that limit inside the log can be taken outside it and $\log {{a}^{b}}=b\log a$ . If we use this in our expression, we get
\[={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\log {{\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right)}^{\dfrac{1}{x}}}}}\]
$={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}{{\log }_{e}}\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right)}}$
Now we will add 1 and subtract 1 from the part inside the log. On doing so, we get
$={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}{{\log }_{e}}\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}-1+1 \right)}}$
$={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}{{\log }_{e}}\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)-1-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}+1 \right)}}={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}{{\log }_{e}}\left( \dfrac{f(3+x)-f(3)-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}+1 \right)}}$
Now we will divide and multiply the numerator and the denominator with the same term and apply the formula $\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\dfrac{{{\log }_{e}}\left( 1+x \right)}{x}=1$, which will give:
$={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}\times \dfrac{f(3+x)-f(3)-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}\times \dfrac{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}{f(3+x)-f(3)-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}\times {{\log }_{e}}\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)-1-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}+1 \right)}}$
$={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}\left( \dfrac{f(3+x)-f(3)-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right)}}$
Now as $\dfrac{0}{0}$ form, applying l-hospital’s rule, which states that if a function is of the form $\dfrac{0}{0}$, then differentiate the numerator and the denominator separately to eliminate the indeterminacy. So, we get
\[={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }}}^{\dfrac{\left( f'(3+x)+f'\left( 2-x \right) \right)\left( 1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right) \right)+\left( f(3+x)-f(3)-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right) \right)f'\left( 2-x \right)}{{{\left( 1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right) \right)}^{2}}}}\]
Now on putting the limit, we get
\[={{e}^{\dfrac{0}{1}}}={{e}^{0}}=1\]
Therefore, the answer to the above question is 1.
Note: Whenever you come across the forms $\dfrac{0}{0}$ or $\dfrac{\infty }{\infty }$ always give a try to l-hospital’s rule as this may give you the answer in the fastest possible manner. Also, keep a habit of checking the indeterminate forms of the expressions before starting with the questions of limit as this helps you to select the shortest possible way to reach the answer.
Complete step-by-step answer:
In the expression given in the question, if we put the limit and check, then we will find that the expression turns out to be of the form ${{1}^{\infty }}$, which is an indeterminate form.
So, using the formula $a={{e}^{{{\log }_{e}}a}}$ in our expression, we get
$\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,{{\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right)}^{\dfrac{1}{x}}}$
$={{e}^{\log {{\left( \underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right) \right)}^{\dfrac{1}{x}}}}}$
Now, we know that limit inside the log can be taken outside it and $\log {{a}^{b}}=b\log a$ . If we use this in our expression, we get
\[={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\log {{\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right)}^{\dfrac{1}{x}}}}}\]
$={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}{{\log }_{e}}\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right)}}$
Now we will add 1 and subtract 1 from the part inside the log. On doing so, we get
$={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}{{\log }_{e}}\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}-1+1 \right)}}$
$={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}{{\log }_{e}}\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)-1-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}+1 \right)}}={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}{{\log }_{e}}\left( \dfrac{f(3+x)-f(3)-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}+1 \right)}}$
Now we will divide and multiply the numerator and the denominator with the same term and apply the formula $\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\dfrac{{{\log }_{e}}\left( 1+x \right)}{x}=1$, which will give:
$={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}\times \dfrac{f(3+x)-f(3)-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}\times \dfrac{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}{f(3+x)-f(3)-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}\times {{\log }_{e}}\left( \dfrac{1+f(3+x)-f(3)-1-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)}+1 \right)}}$
$={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }\dfrac{1}{x}\left( \dfrac{f(3+x)-f(3)-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right)}{1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right)} \right)}}$
Now as $\dfrac{0}{0}$ form, applying l-hospital’s rule, which states that if a function is of the form $\dfrac{0}{0}$, then differentiate the numerator and the denominator separately to eliminate the indeterminacy. So, we get
\[={{e}^{\underset{x\to 0}{\mathop{\lim }}\,\text{ }}}^{\dfrac{\left( f'(3+x)+f'\left( 2-x \right) \right)\left( 1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right) \right)+\left( f(3+x)-f(3)-f\left( 2-x \right)+f\left( 2 \right) \right)f'\left( 2-x \right)}{{{\left( 1+f\left( 2-x \right)-f\left( 2 \right) \right)}^{2}}}}\]
Now on putting the limit, we get
\[={{e}^{\dfrac{0}{1}}}={{e}^{0}}=1\]
Therefore, the answer to the above question is 1.
Note: Whenever you come across the forms $\dfrac{0}{0}$ or $\dfrac{\infty }{\infty }$ always give a try to l-hospital’s rule as this may give you the answer in the fastest possible manner. Also, keep a habit of checking the indeterminate forms of the expressions before starting with the questions of limit as this helps you to select the shortest possible way to reach the answer.
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