What is inductance and capacitance?

Hint: Inductance and capacitance are properties of a material. Devices like inductors store magnetic energy while capacitors store electrical energy in them. The basic functions of capacitors are inductors are similar if the current and the voltages are swapped. Capacitors resist change in voltage while inductors resist change in current.

Complete answer:
Inductance is the property of a material by virtue of which it opposes the change in current through it. Its SI unit is Henry (H). It is given by-
$L=\dfrac{\phi }{I}$
Here, $L$ is the inductance
$\phi $ is the flux
$I$ is the current
An inductor is a device which stores magnetic energy inside it. When the current passing through it changes, an emf is induced in it and the induced voltage is directly proportional to the change in current. Therefore,
$e\propto -\dfrac{dI}{dt}$
Here, $e$ is the induced voltage
$\dfrac{dI}{dt}$ is the change in current
On removing the sign of proportionality, we get,
$e=-L\dfrac{dI}{dt}$
Therefore, the inductance is the constant of proportionality.
The capacitance is the ability of a material to store charge inside it. Its SI unit is Farad (F). The capacitance is given by-
$C=\dfrac{Q}{V}$
Here, $C$ is the capacitance
$Q$ is the charge
$V$ is the potential difference
A capacitor is a device which stores electrical energy inside it in the presence of an electric field. IT consists of two charged plates.
Therefore, inductance is the property by virtue of which a material resists the change in current through it while capacitance is the ability of a material to store charge on it.

Note:
Inductance and capacitance are constant quantities. Capacitance of a capacitor depends on its dimensions. Inductors and capacitors can be connected in two combinations; series combination and parallel combination. There are two types of inductances; self inductance and mutual inductance.