How is Rhizobium important?

Hint: Rhizobium is responsible for nitrogen fixation. Rhizobium belongs to gram-negative bacteria and comes under the family Rhizobiaceae. The order of Rhizobium is categorized as Rhizobiales. Rhizobium is predominantly found in the leguminous region of the plants.

Complete answer:
• Rhizobium is usually involved in a symbiotic relationship with root and legume region of the plants
• The function of Rhizobium is nitrogen fixation by converting the nitrogen dioxide to ammonia (${{N}_{2}}\to N{{H}_{3}}$)${{N}_{2}}\to N{{H}_{3}}$
• Fertility of the agricultural field is increased by nitrogen fixation
• Nitrogen fixation helps from the drought, stress, fertilizers and pesticides
• The initial process of the nitrogen cycle is Nitrogen fixation which converts the nitrogen to ammonia, nitrites and nitrates
• The enzyme involved in the conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia are Nitrogenase
• Nitrogenase activity or the effect of nitrogenase can be measured by Acetylene reduction assay
• By the nitrogen fixation, nitrogen is made easily available for all the plants thereby helps for plant growth and development
• Rhizobium creates a nodule in the place where it infects, which is required for the nitrogen fixation (${{N}_{2}}\to N{{H}_{3}}$)
• During the death of legume, there will be a breakdown of nodules
• Nitrogen fixation is necessary because most of the plants cannot use or absorb the atmospheric nitrogen even though it is abundant in nature. Therefore, plants form the symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria in converting nitrogen to ammonia
• Rhizobium can be either Pathogenic or non-pathogenic
• Rhizobium also act as a biofertilizer
• Rhizobium enhances the nutrient content of the plants, helps to improve the growth and development of the plants
• Based on the association of rhizobium with the plants, it can be classified
• The classification of Rhizobium includes Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium alamii, Rhizobium lantis, Rhizobium japonicum, Rhizobium trioli, Rhizobium phaseoli, Rhizobium smilacinae

Note: Rhizobium is essential for nitrogen -fixation. Rhizobium is essential for plant growth and development. The classification of Rhizobium includes Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium alamii, Rhizobium lantis, Rhizobium japonicum, Rhizobium trioli, Rhizobium phaseoli, Rhizobium smilacinae.