Give any two differences between Inductive effect and Electromeric effect.

Hint: Here, we will proceed by defining the terms Inductive effect and Electromeric effect. Then we will be discussing the differences between Inductive effect and Electromeric effect.

Complete answer:
Inductive effect: The inductive effect is an effect regarding the transmission of unequal sharing of the bonding electron through a chain of atoms in a molecule, leading to a permanent dipole in a bond.
Electromeric effect: Electromeric effect refers to a molecular polarizability effect occurring by an intramolecular electron displacement characterized by the substitution of one electron pair for another within the same atomic octet of electrons.
Differences between Inductive effect and Electromeric effect:
1. Inductive effect is observed in the sigma \[\left( \sigma \right)\] bond system whereas Electromeric effect is observed in the pi \[\left( \Pi \right)\] bond system.
2. Inductive effect is observed when two atoms with different electronegativity values form the chemical bond whereas Electromeric effect occurs when a molecule having multiple bonds is exposed to an attacking agent such as a proton.
3. Inductive effect is a permanent effect, it doesn’t need the presence of a reagent whereas Electromeric effect is a temporary effect, it needs the presence of an electrophilic or nucleophilic reagent.

Note: Inductive and Electromeric effect comes under the types of Electronic effects. The electronic displacement in an organic molecule may take place under the influence of an atom or a substituent group or in the presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. The other types of Electronic effects are Resonance effect, Mesomeric effect and Hyperconjugation.