What is Endoscopy? Which principle in optics is made use of in endoscopy?

Hint: An endoscopy is a medical procedure in which a doctor uses specialized instruments to examine and operate on the body's internal organs and vessels. It enables surgeons to see inside the body without making large incisions.

Complete answer:
Endoscopy is typically used to :
- Assist doctors in determining the cause of any unusual symptoms a person is experiencing.
- Endoscopy biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue that can be sent to the lab for testing.
- During any surgical procedures, such as repairing a stomach ulcer, assist the doctor in seeing inside the body.

Optical fibres are used in imaging optics and operate on the total internal reflection of light principle. Endoscopes, which are long, thin imaging devices used to view objects through a small hole, are made up of bundles of fibers and lenses.

If a light ray enters one end of an optic fibre coated with a low refractive index material, it is refracted and strikes the walls at an angle greater than the critical angle, resulting in multiple reflections without being absorbed at the side walls. The illuminating light in most modern endoscopes is carried to the object by an optical fiber bundle.In addition to illuminating and imaging capabilities, most endoscopes have channels that allow biopsy forceps, gas, and liquids to pass through.

Note: An endoscopy is a medical procedure in which a doctor uses specialized instruments to examine and operate on the body's internal organs and vessels. The total internal reflection principle of optics is used in endoscopy.