Differentiate between glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. (any two)
Answer
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Hint:Corticosteroids are a form of medication that reduces inflammation in the body. They also lower the function of the immune system.
Complete answer:
Adrenal cortex secretes over 20 steroid hormones called corticosteroids or cortical steroids. They are of three types-
1. Mineralocorticoids
2. Glucocorticoids
3. Sexcorticoids
Note:Corticoid, any of a group of more than 40 organic compounds in the cortex of the adrenal glands belonging to the steroid family. About six of these substances are hormones, secreted into the bloodstream and carried to other tissues, where physiological responses are elicited.
Complete answer:
Adrenal cortex secretes over 20 steroid hormones called corticosteroids or cortical steroids. They are of three types-
1. Mineralocorticoids
2. Glucocorticoids
3. Sexcorticoids
| GLUCOCORTICOIDS | MINERALOCORTICOIDS |
| They are transcriptionally active | They are less active compared to glucocorticoids. |
| Hormones include cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone. | Two common hormones are aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone. |
| Secreted by Zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. | Secreted by Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. |
| Secretions are under the control of ACTH of adenohypophysis. | Secretions are under the control of the renin angiotensin system. |
| Carbohydrates, fats and protein metabolism are controlled by the hormone. | Electrolyte and water balance of the body is controlled by them. |
| They are antiinflammatory and anti allergic. | They have no such role. |
| They reduce the pain. | They don't manage the pain. |
| They help in managing stress and repairing injury. | They are not helpful in managing stress and injury. |
| They regulate the activation of immune cells. | They regulate the blood volume and pressure. |
| Half life for cortisol is 70 to 90 minutes.Half life for corticosterone is 50 minutes. | Half life is 20 minutes. |
| Daily output for cortisol is 10.0 microgramDaily plasma level is 13.9 microgram/dl | Daily output of aldosterone is 0.15Daily plasma level of aldosterone 0.006 |
Note:Corticoid, any of a group of more than 40 organic compounds in the cortex of the adrenal glands belonging to the steroid family. About six of these substances are hormones, secreted into the bloodstream and carried to other tissues, where physiological responses are elicited.
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