Describe the structure and function of peroxisomes.

Hint: Peroxisome is a membrane bound organelle present in a eukaryotic organism. Its main function is oxidation of biomolecules.

Complete Answer:
Peroxisomes are found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. It was formerly known as microbodies. They play an important role in the oxidation of long chain fatty acids.
The oxidation reaction produces hydrogen peroxide on which is the name peroxisome based on.
Structure: Peroxisomes are spherical bodies found in both plants and animals. It is found in proximity with endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and chloroplast. They are variable in size and shape according to the cell. It consists of a single membrane which is lipoproteins in nature. The membrane encloses granular matrix. The matrix contains crystal which contain enzymes like catalase, oxidases etc.


Fig: Structure of peroxisomes

Function:
- It involves oxidation of biomolecules by production of hydrogen peroxide. The peroxide is toxic for the cells. Peroxisomes have certain enzymes called the catalase which convert hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen and thus neutralises toxicity.
- They synthesise plasmalogens which is a membrane lipid.
- In plants, it helps in recycling of carbon from phosphoglycolate during photorespiration.
Some peroxisomes present in the plants are known as glycosomes. They oxidise fatty acids to carbohydrates.

Additional Information:
Bioluminescence in fireflies is due the enzyme luciferase which is present in the peroxisomes.

Note: Peroxisomes are present eukaryotic cells. It is found free floating in the cytoplasm. It is responsible for the oxidation of specific complex fatty acid, lipids etc.