Consider the following statement and choose the correct option
a) A common expression of communalism is the belief that one religion is superior to all others.
b) Political mobilization on religious lines is a form of communalism.
A. a is true but b is false
B. a is false but b is true
C. both a and b are true
D. both a and b are false

Hint: Communism like socialism, capitalism and communism is a political system and ideology. It has social, political and economic impact on the nation adhering to it.

Complete answer:
Communalism is a political way of thinking and financial framework that coordinates shared possession and confederations of one religion over another.In communalism, a belief dominates that one religion is superior to all others and there is also political mobilisation on lines of that religion. So, the statement A. and B. are correct.

Additional information:Murray Bookchin defines communalism as "a theory of government or a system of government in which independent communes participate in a federation" and "the principles and practice of communal ownership". It does not imply acceptance of a state or top-down hierarchy.

This application of communalism seems to have emerged during the late 20th century to differentiate commune-based systems from other political movements or governments espousing (if not actually practicing) similar ideas.

Hence the correct answer is option ‘C’.

Note: Communalism can also be defined as an instrument that, in the presence of various religions, is produced to obtain political benefits in a state. The problems related to communalism are: It poses a challenge to national integrity. It is a cause for state political and social conflicts, this leads to differences in the nation between persons, groups of communities or groups of states. It is related to one religion's competition, views, ideals etc. toward another's.