How do you calculate the Modulation Factor?

Hint: Defining the level of modulation applied to an amplitude modulated signal, and monitoring the level where we generally vary one or more wave describing factors of a carrier signal with the help of a modulating signal. We get the required signal to be transmitted after the process of modulation. According to the required signal, it can be varied in different types and levels of modulation.

Complete answer:
Initially we need to know the concept of modulation:
Modulation is the method of converting data into radio waves by summing up the information to an electronic or optical signal of the carrier. Here we vary one or more properties of a periodic waveform which is called a carrier wave having modulating signal to get the required signal. It is also applied to EMSIt is also applied to EMS (electromagnetic signals) such as radio waves, lasers, and computer networks.
The different types of modulation are:
Amplitude Modulation: Here the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied according to the message signals and factors like frequency and phase remain constant.
Frequency Modulation: Here the frequency of the carrier wave is varied proportionally to the message signals and factors like frequency and phase remain constant.
Phase Modulation: Here the carrier phase is varied according to the data signal. It also affects its frequency, which makes it come under Frequency Modulation.
Under Amplitude Modulation, we get the Modulation factor which describes the extent to which the amplitude of the carrier wave is changed by the auto signal.
The modulation factor \[\left( m \right)\] in amplitude modulation is the ratio of change amplitude in carrier wave after modulation to the amplitude of the unmodulated carrier wave
It is as represented as follows
$m = \dfrac{{{\text{Amplitude}}\,{\text{ change}}\,{\text{ of}}\,{\text{ carrier}}\,{\text{ wave}}\,{\text{ after}}\,{\text{ Modulation}}}}{{{\text{Amplitude }}\,{\text{of}}\,{\text{ carrier }}\,{\text{wave}}\,\,{\text{before }}\,{\text{Modulation}}\,}}$
The modulation Factor helps in determining the strength and quality of the signal that is transmitted. When the modulation factor is $m < 1$ the amount of variation in carrier amplitude is small, hence the audio signal that is transmitted will not be very strong, When the Modulation factor $m > 1$ distortion is produced in the wave and the reproduced wave is not exact, Hence effective modulation implies that modulation factor \[m = 1\] .

Note: Modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a carrier wave with a modulating signal to obtain the required signal. We can also vary the level of modulation that is applied which is the modulation factor that can be less, more, or equal to one. For effective transmission, the modulation factor should be equal to one.