: Benzo-alpha-pyrene (BAP), a cancer-causing pollutant is released by the burning of coal. It is ten times more in an urban area than in the rural area. In some areas the effect of this air pollutant on people who do not smoke cigarettes may go up to:
A.An effect equal to that of those who smoke two packets of cigarettes without filters
B.An effect less than that of those who smoke
C. An equivalent effect of one-tenth of those who smoke
D. An effect equal to that of those who smoke two cigarettes a day

Hint:BAP is a carcinogen and hence its effect is going to be massive on the lung structures. The carcinogen expression differs in different areas according to the number of industries and their emissions and so judge according to pollution index.

Complete answer:
Benzo-alpha-pyrene (BAP) is a specific mutagen that results in mutations in the lungs causing lung cancer. These pollutants are air-borne and these are produced due to the burning of coal in the different areas. There are two specific regions where these pollutants are found, which include the urban and rural areas. The urban areas have a higher level of industries and hence the emission of BAP is also higher as compared to that of the rural areas.
This air pollutant is one of the major causes of lung cancer and can be compared to smoking about two packets of cigarettes without any filter. The changes that occur due to this pollutant is as high as that of smoking so many cigarettes. This means that the air pollutant has an optimum effect on the lungs the same as that of so many cigarettes.
The internal lung tissues can be damaged due to BAP and the changes in the genetic character due to carcinogen leads to lung cancer. People living in these areas are expected to face challenges with BAP and most of the people are prone to have their lungs damaged due to the effects on the lung tissue. Therefore, the answer to the question is A. An effect equal to that of those who smoke two packets of cigarettes without filters.

Note:
Lung cancer is a major problem in urban cities as compared to that of the rural areas. The rural areas have less chance of pollution which can reduce the chance of people suffering from lung diseases.