A student notes down the observations in the two spring balances and the measuring cylinder as shown in the diagram. How much is the volume of the solid? Mass of solid is 60 g. What will be the density of the material of the solid?

Hint: In this question we are asked to calculate the density of the material of the solid. We know that density is given by mass over volume. We have been given the value if mass is 60 g. Also, we have been given the readings of weight on spring balance in air and in water. We know that, reductio in weight of solid will be due to buoyant force. Therefore, using this we will calculate the volume and thus, our final answer.

Complete answer:
We have been given readings of a spring balance for a solid in air \[{{W}_{1}}=60\] and \[{{W}_{2}}=40\] as well as water. We know that the reduction in weight of solid in water is due to the buoyant force. Buoyant force will act in opposition of gravity and reduce the readings on spring balance.
Therefore, we can say that,
\[{{W}_{1}}-{{W}_{2}}={{\rho }_{w}}Vg\]
Where, \[{{\rho }_{w}}\]is density of water, V is the volume of the liquid displaced due to mass
Therefore, on substituting values
We get,
\[(60-40)g=1\times Vg\]
Therefore,
\[V=20c{{m}^{3}}\]
Now, we know that the density of a material is given by its mass over volume. Therefore,
\[\rho =\dfrac{m}{V}\]
On substituting values
We get,
\[\rho =\dfrac{60}{20}\]
Therefore,
\[\rho =3g/c{{m}^{3}}\]
Therefore, the density of the material of the solid is 3 g/cc.

Note: - Buoyancy, also called as upward thrust, is an upward force exerted by the fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or completely submerged solid. Buoyant force is the force based on Archimedes Principle. If the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object the object will float. As pressure in liquid increases towards the depth of the liquid, the force on the lower part of the object submerged in liquid is always greater than the force on the upper part. Hence, the net force acts upwards.