1. Define standard enthalpy of combustion.
2. calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction:
${{N}_{2(g)}}+3{{H}_{2(g)}}\to 2N{{H}_{3(g)}}$
The bond enthalpies are:
Bond
H-H N-H
$\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}kJ mol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$ 946 435 389
Answer
643.5k+ views
Hint: By combustion we mean any substance which burns in the presence of excess of air and by standard state we mean the standard conditions of temperature and pressure i.e. 1 atm pressure and 273K temperature. And by the enthalpy change we means the amount of heat released or absorbed when pressure is constant and can be calculated by using the formula as; $\text{Enthalpy change }\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}\text{=}\sum \Delta \text{H( reactants)-}\sum \Delta \text{H( products)}$. Now answer the statement.
Complete answer:
1. By the term standard enthalpy of combustion we means the change produced in the enthalpy when one mole of the substance or any compound is burnt in the presence of excess of oxygen and all the reactants and products are present in their standard states i.e. in their gaseous states and under standard conditions of temperature and pressure i.e. 1 atm pressure and 273 K temperature. Example:
\[{{C}_{3}}{{H}_{8}}(g)+5{{O}_{2}}(g)\to 3C{{O}_{2}}(g0+4{{H}_{2}}O(g)\]
Now coming to the second part.
2.First of all. Let’s discuss what enthalpy changes . By the enthalpy change we means the amount of heat taken or given out in any reaction which occurs at the constant pressure and it denoted by the symbol as$\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}$and its symbols are $kJ mol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$.
The bond enthalpies of the reaction are as;
${{N}_{2(g)}}+3{{H}_{2(g)}}\to 2N{{H}_{3(g)}}$
Bond enthalpy of ammonia $\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}kJ mol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$= 389$kJmol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$
Bond enthalpy of Nitrogen $\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}kJ mol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$= 946$kJmol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$
Bond enthalpy of hydrogen $\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}kJ mol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$= 435$kJmol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$
So, now the enthalpy change for the reaction can be calculated as;
$\begin{align}
& \text{Enthalpy change }\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}\text{=}\sum \Delta \text{H( reactants)-}\sum \Delta \text{H( products)} \\
& \text{ =}\sum \Delta {{\text{H}}_{{{N}_{2}}}}+\sum 3\Delta {{\text{H}}_{{{H}_{2}}}}-\sum 6\Delta {{\text{H}}_{N{{H}_{3}}}} \\
& \text{ = 946+3}\times \text{435-6}\times 389 \\
& \text{ = 946+ 1305-2334} \\
& \text{ =- 83 kJ mol}{{\text{e}}^{-1}} \\
\end{align}$
Therefore, the enthalpy changes $\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}$ for the reaction is -83$kJmol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$
Note:
To calculate the enthalpy change always takes the units in their standard states and under standard conditions of temperature and pressure and if the substances are present in the solid state, then their enthalpy is always taken as zero.
Complete answer:
1. By the term standard enthalpy of combustion we means the change produced in the enthalpy when one mole of the substance or any compound is burnt in the presence of excess of oxygen and all the reactants and products are present in their standard states i.e. in their gaseous states and under standard conditions of temperature and pressure i.e. 1 atm pressure and 273 K temperature. Example:
\[{{C}_{3}}{{H}_{8}}(g)+5{{O}_{2}}(g)\to 3C{{O}_{2}}(g0+4{{H}_{2}}O(g)\]
Now coming to the second part.
2.First of all. Let’s discuss what enthalpy changes . By the enthalpy change we means the amount of heat taken or given out in any reaction which occurs at the constant pressure and it denoted by the symbol as$\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}$and its symbols are $kJ mol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$.
The bond enthalpies of the reaction are as;
${{N}_{2(g)}}+3{{H}_{2(g)}}\to 2N{{H}_{3(g)}}$
Bond enthalpy of ammonia $\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}kJ mol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$= 389$kJmol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$
Bond enthalpy of Nitrogen $\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}kJ mol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$= 946$kJmol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$
Bond enthalpy of hydrogen $\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}kJ mol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$= 435$kJmol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$
So, now the enthalpy change for the reaction can be calculated as;
$\begin{align}
& \text{Enthalpy change }\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}\text{=}\sum \Delta \text{H( reactants)-}\sum \Delta \text{H( products)} \\
& \text{ =}\sum \Delta {{\text{H}}_{{{N}_{2}}}}+\sum 3\Delta {{\text{H}}_{{{H}_{2}}}}-\sum 6\Delta {{\text{H}}_{N{{H}_{3}}}} \\
& \text{ = 946+3}\times \text{435-6}\times 389 \\
& \text{ = 946+ 1305-2334} \\
& \text{ =- 83 kJ mol}{{\text{e}}^{-1}} \\
\end{align}$
Therefore, the enthalpy changes $\Delta {{H}^{\circ }}$ for the reaction is -83$kJmol{{e}^{-1}}\text{ }$
Note:
To calculate the enthalpy change always takes the units in their standard states and under standard conditions of temperature and pressure and if the substances are present in the solid state, then their enthalpy is always taken as zero.
Recently Updated Pages
Which of the following graphs shows the variation of class 12 physics CBSE

Draw a labelled diagram of the human male reproductive class 12 biology CBSE

Describe the experiment to compare the emf of two cells class 12 physics CBSE

What is standard hydrogen electrode

What is conventional current and electric current class 12 physics CBSE

2Bromopentane is treated with an alcoholic KOH solution class 12 chemistry CBSE

Trending doubts
Draw a labelled sketch of the human eye class 12 physics CBSE

Which are the Top 10 Largest Countries of the World?

A member of Simon commission later became Prime Minister class 12 social science CBSE

Draw ray diagrams each showing i myopic eye and ii class 12 physics CBSE

Give one example of a reptile that is viviparous class 12 biology CBSE

Which is the correct genotypic ratio of mendel dihybrid class 12 biology CBSE

